Causes
The cause of fibroadenomas is unknown, but they might be related to reproductive hormones. Fibroadenomas occur more often during reproductive years, can become bigger during pregnancy or with use of hormone therapy, and might shrink after menopause, when hormone levels decrease.
Types of Fibroadenomas
In addition to simple fibroadenomas, there are:
- Complex fibroadenomas. These can contain changes, such as an overgrowth of cells (hyperplasia) that can grow rapidly. A pathologist makes the diagnosis of a complex fibroadenoma after reviewing the tissue from a biopsy.
- Juvenile fibroadenomas. This is the most common type of breast lump found in girls and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18. These fibroadenomas can grow large, but most shrink over time, and some disappear.
- Giant fibroadenomas. These can grow to larger than two inches (five centimeters). They might need to be removed because they can press on or replace other breast tissue.
- Phyllodes tumor. Although usually benign, some phyllodes tumors can become cancerous (malignant). Doctors usually recommend that these be removed.
Women under age 30 - If you are under
30 years old and find a lump before your menstrual period, you may be advised to have a repeat breast examination after your period has ended. In this age group, breast lumps are often caused by hormonal changes and will resolve after your mentrual cycle.
If the lump does not go away when your period is over, you will likely need further testing with a breast ultrasound or needle aspiration biopsy to determine whether the lump is fluid filled or solid.
Women age 30 and older - Women who are age 30 or older who find a new breast lump will need a diagnostic mammogram, and usually an ultrasound, as well.
Fibroadenoma Treatment
Because fibroadenomas are benign, they can usually be monitored to ensure they don’t grow or cause problems.
Fibroadenomas can also be removed if they grow large enough to press on other breast tissue or begin to cause discomfort. Discuss with your doctor the treatment plan that is best for you.
